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Table 3 [48V]TiO2-NP retention in lungs and BAL, and in secondary organs and tissues over time p.e

From: Quantitative biokinetics over a 28 day period of freshly generated, pristine, 20 nm titanium dioxide nanoparticle aerosols in healthy adult rats after a single two-hour inhalation exposure

 

retention time (d)

1 h

4 h

24 h

7d

28d

organ or tissue

fraction of IPLD

mean ± STD

mean ± STD

mean ± STD

mean ± STD

mean ± STD

total lungs

Corr. fast clear.

0.989 ± 0.004

0.936 ± 0.023

0.918 ± 0.007

0.735 ± 0.032

0.439 ± 0.051

total lungs

Corr. resid. Blood

0.989 ± 0.004

0.935 ± 0.023

0.918 ± 0.007

0.735 ± 0.032

0.439 ± 0.051

total lungs

all corr.

0.988 ± 0.004

0.934 ± 0.023

0.91 ± 0.009

0.732 ± 0.032

0.439 ± 0.051

total lungs

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.583 ± 0.017

0.508 ± 0.022

0.553 ± 0.013

0.372 ± 0.013

0.254 ± 0.02

total lungs (*101)

mass conc. [ng/g]

6.624 ± 0.938

8.445 ± 2.779

5.281 ± 1.995

3.286 ± 0.936

3.073 ± 0.706

total lungs(*1010)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

1.63 ± 0.24

1.73 ± 0.73

1.43 ± 0.62

0.95 ± 0.28

0.57 ± 0.15

lav. Lungs

Corr. fast clear.

0.556 ± 0.021

0.577 ± 0.064

0.662 ± 0.033

0.555 ± 0.031

0.296 ± 0.034

lav. Lungs

Corr. resid. Blood

0.556 ± 0.021

0.576 ± 0.064

0.661 ± 0.033

0.554 ± 0.031

0.296 ± 0.153

lav. Lungs

all corr.

0.556 ± 0.021

0.556 ± 0.021

0.576 ± 0.064

0.554 ± 0.031

0.296 ± 0.034

lav. Lungs

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.35 ± 0.012

0.333 ± 0.03

0.427 ± 0.017

0.349 ± 0.025

0.171 ± 0.014

lav. Lungs (*101)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.04 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

lav. Lungs (*109)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

9.13 ± 1.22

10.95 ± 5.97

10.17 ± 3.81

7.2 ± 2.24

3.9 ± 1.35

BALC

Corr. fast clear.

0.136 ± 0.044

0.165 ± 0.029

0.181 ± 0.027

0.175 ± 0.014

0.14 ± 0.035

BALC

Corr. resid. Blood

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

BALC

all corr.

0.136 ± 0.044

0.165 ± 0.029

0.181 ± 0.027

0.174 ± 0.014

0.14 ± 0.035

BALC

fract. Conc. [1/g]

13.609 ± 4.385

16.515 ± 2.896

18.109 ± 2.743

17.437 ± 1.361

14.032 ± 3.531

BALC (*101)

mass conc. [ng/g]

1.53 ± 0.51

2.51 ± 0.55

1.64 ± 0.84

1.21 ± 0.25

1.64 ± 0.3

BAL cells (*108)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

3507 ± 1145.71

5065. ± 1427.

4459. ± 2527.

3518 ± 784.

3031. ± 587.

BALF

Corr. fast clear.

0.297 ± 0.035

0.194 ± 0.038

0.075 ± 0.016

0.006 ± 0.003

0.002 ± 0.002

BALF

Corr. resid. Blood

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

BALF

all corr.

0.297 ± 0.035

0.194 ± 0.038

0.075 ± 0.016

0.006 ± 0.003

0.002 ± 0.002

BALF

fract. Conc. [1/g]

2.968 ± 0.348

1.937 ± 0.384

0.751 ± 0.155

0.057 ± 0.029

0.025 ± 0.016

BALF (*101)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.34 ± 0.07

0.29 ± 0.05

0.07 ± 0.04

0 ± 0

0 ± 0

BALF (*108)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

779.8 ± 170.4

591. ± 159.

187. ± 109.

12.16 ± 8.82

6.37 ± 6.25

trachea (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

13.16 ± 9.74

9.02 ± 3.48

3.06 ± 0.75

2.4 ± 1.31

1.77 ± 0.62

trachea (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

trachea (*10− 3)

all corr.

13.16 ± 9.74

9.02 ± 3.48

3.06 ± 0.75

2.4 ± 1.31

1.77 ± 0.62

trachea (*10− 3)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

48.74 ± 28.69

31.22 ± 11.93

14.79 ± 6.3

5.89 ± 2.32

7.54 ± 0.98

trachea (*10− 3)

mass conc. [ng/g]

53.97 ± 30.95

44.47 ± 7.26

14.43 ± 10.66

3.99 ± 1.32

9.01 ± 1.55

trachea (*109)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

1.23 ± 0.7

0.88 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.31

0.12 ± 0.04

0.25 ± 0.07

liver (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.356 ± 0.173

6.032 ± 0.814

5.048 ± 0.798

5.786 ± 0.751

1.495 ± 0.225

liver (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.303 ± 0.179

5.108 ± 0.788

4.538 ± 0.753

5.675 ± 0.732

1.451 ± 0.221

liver (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.303 ± 0.179

5.106 ± 0.787

4.525 ± 0.75

5.617 ± 0.741

1.451 ± 0.221

liver (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.344 ± 0.208

5.641 ± 1.094

4.791 ± 0.855

5.835 ± 0.743

1.469 ± 0.315

liver (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

3.93 ± 2.63

86.46 ± 24.29

41.08 ± 10.77

41.3 ± 11.51

17.87 ± 5.83

liver (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.9 ± 0.61

17.4 ± 5.9

11.06 ± 3.34

11.96 ± 3.46

3.29 ± 1.06

liver (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

28.29 ± 15.2

105.01 ± 26.32

64.75 ± 6.31

44.23 ± 5.56

9.99 ± 1.12

spleen (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.016 ± 0.016

0.186 ± 0.012

0.337 ± 0.085

0.581 ± 0.093

0.44 ± 0.063

spleen (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.010 ± 0.016

0.047 ± 0.022

0.251 ± 0.093

0.565 ± 0.094

0.437 ± 0.064

spleen (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.010 ± 0.016

0.047 ± 0.022

0.25 ± 0.093

0.565 ± 0.094

0.437 ± 0.064

spleen (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.099 ± 0.159

0.357 ± 0.126

2 ± 1.148

4.389 ± 0.749

7.109 ± 3.1

spleen (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.97 ± 1.46

6.12 ± 4.24

17.02 ± 9.64

30.21 ± 5.7

83.99 ± 38.19

spleen (*107)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.02 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.10

0.46 ± 0.27

0.87 ± 0.15

1.53 ± 0.65

spleen (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

0.66 ± 0.96

1.01 ± 0.59

3.58 ± 1.22

4.44 ± 0.69

3.01 ± 0.28

kidneys (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.12 ± 0.018

3.048 ± 0.949

3.642 ± 0.477

3.914 ± 0.26

1.316 ± 0.201

kidneys (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.095 ± 0.02

2.542 ± 0.91

3.426 ± 0.456

3.858 ± 0.255

1.297 ± 0.196

kidneys (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.095 ± 0.02

2.541 ± 0.909

3.415 ± 0.453

3.83 ± 0.255

1.297 ± 0.196

kidneys (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.375 ± 0.141

7.901 ± 2.109

14.376 ± 4.544

12.52 ± 1.308

4.87 ± 0.862

kidneys (*10− 1)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.428 ± 0.179

12.33 ± 4.6

12.08 ± 3.34

8.78 ± 2.1

5.97 ± 2.01

kidneys (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.98 ± 0.42

24.66 ± 10.26

32.39 ± 9.36

25.39 ± 6.12

11.03 ± 3.99

kidneys (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

9.76 ± 4.62

49.56 ± 6.3

48.97 ± 3.43

30.21 ± 2.79

8.98 ± 1.46

heart (*10− 6)

Corr. fast clear.

14.61 ± 3.84

239.67 ± 44.03

215.05 ± 80.53

138.94 ± 20.52

26.61 ± 12.72

heart (*10− 6)

Corr. resid. Blood

8.84 ± 3.8

132.79 ± 28.73

165.81 ± 79.5

127.29 ± 21.72

22.57 ± 13.15

heart (*10− 6)

all corr.

8.84 ± 3.8

132.78 ± 28.73

165.79 ± 79.48

127.26 ± 21.72

22.57 ± 13.15

heart (*10− 6)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

9.65 ± 4.43

130.84 ± 22.55

192.2 ± 104.5

132.8 ± 31.34

25.1 ± 14.84

heart (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

1.13 ± 0.57

20.64 ± 7.77

15.14 ± 4.85

9.37 ± 3.41

3.28 ± 2.36

heart (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.26 ± 0.13

4.21 ± 1.88

4.03 ± 1.23

2.7 ± 0.95

0.6 ± 0.45

heart (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

0.95 ± 0.59

2.82 ± 1.03

2.34 ± 0.98

1.01 ± 0.2

0.16 ± 0.09

brain (*10− 6)

Corr. fast clear.

17.28 ± 5.86

44.97 ± 11.42

49.2 ± 31.11

133.55 ± 34.6

44.6 ± 36.07

brain (*10− 6)

Corr. resid. Blood

15.78 ± 6.06

17.95 ± 6.31

35.88 ± 31.41

130.58 ± 34.94

43.59 ± 35.85

brain (*10− 6)

all corr.

15.78 ± 6.06

17.95 ± 6.31

35.88 ± 31.41

130.57 ± 34.94

43.59 ± 35.85

brain (*10− 6)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

8.67 ± 3.89

9.03 ± 3

19.22 ± 16.7

67.05 ± 16.98

24.56 ± 19.85

brain (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.97 ± 0.46

1.33 ± 0.28

2.02 ± 2.5

4.5 ± 0.63

2.8 ± 1.69

brain (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.22 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.03

0.56 ± 0.72

1.3 ± 0.12

0.51 ± 0.29

brain (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

1.45 ± 0.34

0.36 ± 0.1

0.53 ± 0.5

1.03 ± 0.26

0.3 ± 0.25

uterus (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.011 ± 0.009

0.415 ± 0.077

0.293 ± 0.056

0.233 ± 0.027

0.136 ± 0.02

uterus (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.009 ± 0.009

0.38 ± 0.076

0.277 ± 0.055

0.229 ± 0.028

0.135 ± 0.02

uterus (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.009 ± 0.009

0.378 ± 0.076

0.267 ± 0.057

0.229 ± 0.028

0.135 ± 0.02

uterus (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.025 ± 0.027

1.012 ± 0.199

0.802 ± 0.155

0.678 ± 0.095

0.363 ± 0.061

uterus (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.295 ± 0.336

15.968 ± 6.147

7.122 ± 1.734

4.766 ± 1.492

4.411 ± 1.246

uterus (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.088 ± 0.066

4.17 ± 1.99

1.92 ± 0.53

1.38 ± 0.43

0.81 ± 0.24

uterus (*10− 3)

transloc. NP fract.

0.78 ± 0.84

8.39 ± 3.8

3.83 ± 0.75

1.81 ± 0.26

0.93 ± 0.13

blood (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.73 ± 0.08

13.36 ± 2.7

6.33 ± 0.66

1.38 ± 0.35

0.56 ± 0.23

blood (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

blood (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.73 ± 0.08

13.35 ± 2.7

6.3 ± 0.65

1.38 ± 0.35

0.56 ± 0.23

blood (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.429 ± 0.046

7.271 ± 1.606

3.828 ± 0.406

0.818 ± 0.188

0.305 ± 0.117

blood (*10− 1)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.441 ± 0.211

10.785 ± 1.137

3.347 ± 1.058

0.571 ± 0.178

0.344 ± 0.042

blood (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

1.11 ± 0.15

27.47 ± 5.12

9.04 ± 3.29

1.66 ± 0.56

0.63 ± 0.08

blood (*10− 2)

transloc. NP fract.

7.23 ± 2.4

28.41 ± 11.91

9.05 ± 0.38

1.08 ± 0.25

0.39 ± 0.16

carcass (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

10.46 ± 3.55

43.42 ± 18.42

37.33 ± 4.83

44.03 ± 4.17

30.91 ± 2.14

carcass (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

10.1 ± 3.54

37.6 ± 18.45

35.45 ± 4.42

43.51 ± 4.23

30.67 ± 2.15

carcass (*10− 3)

all corr.

10.1 ± 3.54

37.37 ± 18.27

34.17 ± 4.14

43.39 ± 4.22

30.61 ± 2.15

carcass (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.49 ± 0.15

1.59 ± 0.83

1.67 ± 0.18

1.81 ± 0.26

1.39 ± 0.12

carcass (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

5.38 ± 1.04

24.41 ± 11.14

14.94 ± 4.27

14.09 ± 2.25

16.95 ± 4.75

carcass (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

1.81 ± 0.36

6.87 ± 2.74

5.87 ± 2

5.9 ± 1.06

4.61 ± 1.49

carcass (*10− 1)

transloc. NP fract.

9.26 ± 0.21

7.00 ± 0.57

4.90 ± 0.24

3.03 ± 0.37

2.11 ± 0.07

skeleton (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.64 ± 0.4

11.7 ± 5.53

20.84 ± 1.34

22.05 ± 3.45

22.95 ± 4.07

skeleton (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.61 ± 0.4

11.25 ± 5.54

20.71 ± 1.36

22.01 ± 3.45

22.93 ± 4.07

skeleton (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.61 ± 0.4

11.19 ± 5.47

20.21 ± 1.23

20.37 ± 3.51

22.9 ± 4.06

skeleton (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.23 ± 0.15

3.83 ± 1.99

7.73 ± 0.39

7.64 ± 1.42

7.78 ± 1.07

skeleton (*10− 1)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.25 ± 0.17

5.77 ± 2.53

6.97 ± 2.47

5.81 ± 1.9

9.47 ± 2.58

skeleton (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.58 ± 0.4

11.25 ± 3.99

18.84 ± 7.67

16.75 ± 5.36

17.62 ± 5.53

skeleton (*10− 1)

transloc. NP fract.

0.47 ± 0.24

2.11 ± 0.17

2.92 ± 0.33

1.61 ± 0.3

1.59 ± 0.32

soft tissue (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

9.82 ± 3.63

31.72 ± 13

16.49 ± 5.45

21.98 ± 4.14

7.96 ± 5.67

soft tissue (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

9.49 ± 3.63

26.24 ± 13

14.7 ± 5.07

21.48 ± 4.13

7.73 ± 5.69

soft tissue (*10− 3)

all corr.

9.49 ± 3.63

26.17 ± 12.94

14.48 ± 4.98

20.61 ± 3.83

7.73 ± 5.69

soft tissue (*10− 5)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

3.88 ± 1.37

9.92 ± 5.16

6.16 ± 2.16

8.55 ± 1.5

2.99 ± 2.23

soft tissue (*10− 2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

4.29 ± 1.09

15.2 ± 7.03

5.17 ± 1.38

6.03 ± 0.3

3.74 ± 2.88

soft tissue (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.98 ± 0.25

2.96 ± 1.21

1.38 ± 0.39

1.74 ± 0.09

0.68 ± 0.52

soft tissue (*10− 1)

transloc. NP fract.

8.79 ± 0.41

4.89 ± 0.59

2.05 ± 0.57

1.62 ± 0.26

0.53 ± 0.37

2nd organs (*10− 3)

Corr. fast clear.

0.53 ± 0.17

9.97 ± 1.65

9.58 ± 1.37

10.79 ± 0.93

3.46 ± 0.43

2nd organs (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

0.44 ± 0.17

8.26 ± 1.59

8.71 ± 1.31

10.59 ± 0.91

3.39 ± 0.42

2nd organs (*10− 3)

all corr.

0.44 ± 0.17

8.24 ± 1.58

8.58 ± 1.27

10.25 ± 0.98

3.39 ± 0.42

2nd organs (*10− 4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.24 ± 0.09

4.07 ± 0.81

4.39 ± 0.78

5.22 ± 0.50

1.73 ± 0.31

2nd organs (*10− 1)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.269 ± 0.117

6.294 ± 1.972

3.798 ± 0.926

3.656 ± 0.969

2.101 ± 0.617

2nd organs (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.62 ± 0.27

12.65 ± 4.67

10.22 ± 2.9

10.58 ± 2.88

3.87 ± 1.15

2nd organs (*10− 1)

transloc. NP fract.

0.42 ± 0.15

1.68 ± 0.35

1.23 ± 0.01

0.834 ± 0.08

0.23 ± 0.02

skin (*10−3)

Corr. fast clear.

1.38 ± 0.96

14.18 ± 5.83

7.97 ± 1.65

6.52 ± 0.48

3.44 ± 0.18

skin (*10− 3)

Corr. resid. Blood

1.29 ± 0.95

12.25 ± 5.78

7.32 ± 1.62

6.35 ± 0.44

3.35 ± 0.17

skin (*10− 3)

all corr.

1.29 ± 0.95

12.24 ± 5.77

7.26 ± 1.6

6.24 ± 0.46

3.35 ± 0.17

skin (*10−5)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

2.57 ± 1.78

22.67 ± 10.78

14.8 ± 3.6

13.32 ± 1.8

6.22 ± 0.57

skin (*10−2)

mass conc. [ng/g]

2.76 ± 1.69

34.83 ± 15.1

12.51 ± 2.62

9.11 ± 1.05

7.57 ± 2.01

skin (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

0.63 ± 0.39

8.59 ± 3.44

3.36 ± 0.86

2.63 ± 0.31

1.4 ± 0.39

skin (*1E-1)

transloc. NP fract.

1.21 ± 0.8

2.32 ± 0.62

1.04 ± 0.17

0.49 ± 0.03

0.23 ± 0.02

transloc. (*10− 2)

Corr. fast clear.

1.14 ± 0.36

6.44 ± 2.28

8.21 ± 0.72

12.92 ± 0.46

14.6 ± 0.74

transloc. (*10− 2)

Corr. resid. Blood

1.09 ± 0.36

5.32 ± 2.26

7.68 ± 0.66

12.8 ± 0.45

14.56 ± 0.75

transloc. (*10−2)

all corr.

1.09 ± 0.36

5.23 ± 2.19

6.95 ± 0.51

12.7 ± 0.44

14.47 ± 0.74

transloc. (*10−4)

fract. Conc. [1/g]

0.5 ± 0.14

2.14 ± 0.96

3.18 ± 0.23

5.69 ± 0.24

6.22 ± 0.47

transloc. (*10− 1)

mass conc. [ng/g]

0.006 ± 0.001

0.033 ± 0.014

0.031 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.007

0.077 ± 0.022

transloc. (*106)

numb. Conc. (#/g)

1.28 ± 0.23

6.52 ± 2.44

8.26 ± 3.04

11.5 ± 2.25

14.2 ± 4.42

  1. n.a. “Correction for residual blood is not applicable”
  2. The data are presented as retained [48V]TiO2-NP fractions of IPLD (applied correction for fast clearance by MCC (corr. Fast clear.)) in each first line of a given organ. In each second line the data were corrected for the [48V]TiO2-NP content in residual blood after exsanguination (corr. Resid. blood) and in each third line the data were further corrected for 48V-activity which can be attributed to free, ionic 48V that was leaching out of the [48V]TiO2-NP (all corr.) following the procedure in the Additional file 1, section 14, and described previously in [29]. After these corrections, the 48V-activity data were converted into [48V]TiO2-NP concentrations per mass of organ or tissue, given either as fractions per gram (g− 1) or as mass concentrations (in ng•g− 1) or as number concentrations (in #•g− 1). In the seventh line of each secondary organ or tissue, the fractions are normalized to the total fraction of those [48V]TiO2-NP which had crossed the ABB up to the given dissection time point (transloc. NP fract., see Eq. (24) of the Additional file 1). Mean ± SEM of n = 4 rats/time point. Note the varying exponents in brackets of the left column are used to ensure an adequate number of valid digits. Graphical displays of data of lines 3, 4 and 7 of each organ or tissue are shown in Figs. 1, 4, 5 and Additional file 1: Figure S6 of Supplementary Material, respectively
  3. The ranking order for all secondary organs, blood, skeleton, and soft tissues at 28d p.e. according to each third line “all corr.” and each seventh line “transloc. NP fract.” is:
  4. skeleton > soft tissue > liver > kidneys > blood > spleen > uterus > brain > heart
  5. However, this ranking order changes for the lines “fract. Conc.” for “mass conc.” and “numb. Conc.” per mass of organ or tissue to:
  6. skeleton > spleen > kidneys > liver > uterus > soft tissue > blood > heart > brain
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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

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