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Table 2 Summaries of the neutrophil counts in BALF and pathological features in the rat lung

From: Usefulness of myeloperoxidase as a biomarker for the ranking of pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials

(A) Intratracheal instillation

 

3 days

1 week

1 month

3 months

6 months

Pathological featurefeature

      

 Control (distilled water)

 

–

–

–

–

–

 NiO

0.2 mg

–

+

-~±

–

+

 NiO

1.0 mg

+

+

+

–

–

 Control (distilled water)

 

-~±

-~±

-~+

±~+

–

 TiO2 (P90)

0.2 mg

-or+

-~+

–

+~++

±

 TiO2 (P90)

1.0 mg

+

-~+

-~+

±

±

 Control (distilled water)

 

–

–

–

–

-~±

 TiO2 (Rutile)

0.2 mg

–

–

–

–

–

 TiO2 (Rutile)

1.0 mg

–

–

–

–

–

 Control (distilled water)

 

–

–

–

–

–

 CeO2

0.2 mg

–

–

–

–

–

 CeO2

1.0 mg

–

–

–

–

–

 Control (distilled water)

 

–

–

–

–

–

 ZnO

0.2 mg

+

±

–

–

–

 ZnO

1.0 mg

++

±

-~±

–

–

 Control (Triton 0.1%)

 

-~±

-~±

–

±~+

–

 SWCNT

0.2 mg

±

±

-~+

±~++

-~+

 SWCNT

0.4 mg

±

±~+

±~+

+

±~+

 Control (Triton 0.05%)

 

±

-~±

-~±

-~±

-~±

 MWCNT (Short)

0.2 mg

+

+

±

±

-~±

 MWCNT (Short)

1.0 mg

+~++

±~+

±

±

±

 Control (Triton 0.05%)

 

–

-~±

–

±~++

-~+

 MWCNT (Long)

0.2 mg

+~++

±

-~±

±~++

±~+

 MWCNT (Long)

0.6 mg

+~++

±

–

-~+

±~+

 Control (Tween80 0.1%)

 

–

–

–

–

–

 Toner

1.0 mg

±

–

–

–

–

Neutrophil counts in BALF (1000 cells/mL ± SD)

 Control (distilled water)

 

2.88 ± 1.58

0.22 ± 0.49

0.20 ± 0.45

0.08 ± 0.17

0.69 ± 1.53

 NiO

0.2 mg

21.1 ± 8.74**

78.93 ± 18.40**

52.38 ± 12.34**

13.03 ± 12.13**

1.27 ± 1.97

 NiO

1.0 mg

153.5 ± 44.6**

158.51 ± 56.43**

161.69 ± 67.27**

279.80 ± 125.57**

59.80 ± 15.28**

 Control (distilled water)

 

0.22 ± 0.25

0.20 ± 0.22

0.26 ± 0.47

0.25 ± 0.35

1.13 ± 1.19

 TiO2 (P90)

0.2 mg

0.80 ± 0.55

0.31 ± 0.21

0.65 ± 0.46

0.53 ± 0.50

2.36 ± 3.82

 TiO2 (P90)

1.0 mg

54.50 ± 31.86

20.35 ± 13.61**

2.89 ± 1.97*

0.32 ± 0.35

0.49 ± 0.42

 Control (distilled water)

 

1.73 ± 10.6

0.80 ± 0.73

4.74 ± 2.08

0.57 ± 0.80

0.28 ± 0.39

 TiO2 (Rutile)

0.2 mg

11.95 ± 4.94**

1.61 ± 1.29

1.81 ± 1.13*

11.07 ± 22.57

1.62 ± 2.88

 TiO2 (Rutile)

1.0 mg

174.7 ± 121.8**

110.33 ± 39.14**

5.27 ± 0.98

105.21 ± 229.82

0.35 ± 0.51

 Control (distilled water)

 

6.50 ± 5.17

1.76 ± 0.96

0.90 ± 1.32

0.45 ± 0.49

1.37 ± 2.26

 CeO2

0.2 mg

111.66 ± 48.09**

119.52 ± 79.79**

27.17 ± 15.26**

10.93 ± 3.25**

1.91 ± 1.39

 CeO2

1.0 mg

170.52 ± 35.04**

234.21 ± 55.62**

74.65 ± 6.72**

56.73 ± 15.54**

11.07 ± 1.88**

 Control (distilled water)

 

2.35 ± 0.41

0.47 ± 0.36

1.08 ± 0.32

1.12 ± 0.81

3.55 ± 1.92

 ZnO

0.2 mg

191.38 ± 42.19**

7.032 ± 1.61**

1.02 ± 0.94

3.21 ± 2.23

3.10 ± 1.32

 ZnO

1.0 mg

395.82 ± 78.47**

11.44 ± 8.65**

0.98 ± 1.28

1.73 ± 1.66

4.20 ± 3.36

 Control (Triton 0.1%)

 

5.36 ± 5.77

0.62 ± 0.38

0.86 ± 0.78

0.38 ± 0.85

0.67 ± 0.75

 SWCNT

0.2 mg

47.33 ± 12.75**

61.63 ± 16.66**

29.58 ± 43.26**

11.98 ± 9.86**

8.74 ± 3.62**

 SWCNT

0.4 mg

39.96 ± 19.05**

94.93 ± 37.00**

270.52 ± 132.86*

19.69 ± 21.59**

16.19 ± 14.49*

 Control (Triton 0.05%)

 

0 ± 0

0.07 ± 0.15

0.11 ± 0.24

0.18 ± 0.41

0.41 ± 0.93

 MWCNT (Short)

0.2 mg

9.22 ± 10.34*

0.14 ± 0.30

0.51 ± 0.86

0.44 ± 0.46

0.14 ± 0.32

 MWCNT (Short)

1.0 mg

37.26 ± 36.95**

4.61 ± 6.57

26.23 ± 33.10**

2.25 ± 2.70

0.69 ± 1.55

 Control (Triton 0.05%)

 

0.55 ± 0.60

0.14 ± 0.31

0.12 ± 0.27

0.61 ± 0.86

1.17 ± 1.49

 MWCNT (Long)

0.2 mg

25.80 ± 12.18**

3.49 ± 1.94**

3.53 ± 0.85**

4.00 ± 3.64*

0.97 ± 1.07

 MWCNT (Long)

0.6 mg

45.93 ± 13.04**

6.29 ± 3.46**

6.35 ± 7.53*

2.42 ± 1.58

0.91 ± 0.64

 Control (Tween80 0.1%)

 

0.13 ± 0.30

0.17 ± 0.38

0.43 ± 0.48

0.90 ± 1.08

0.20 ± 0.45

 Toner

1.0 mg

29.02 ± 11.53**

4.17 ± 4.75

2.27 ± 0.81*

1.38 ± 0.86

0 ± 0

(B) Inhalation exposure

 

3 days

 

1 month

3 months

 

Pathological featurefeature

 control

 

–

 

–

–

 

 NiO

Low

–

 

–

–

 

 NiO

High

- or +

 

+

–

 

 control

 

–

 

–

–

 

 TiO2 (Rutile)

Low

–

 

–

–

 

 TiO2 (Rutile)

High

–

 

–

–

 

 control

 

–

 

–

–

 

 CeO2

Low

–

 

–

–

 

 CeO2

High

–

 

+

–

 

 control

 

–

 

–

–

 

 ZnO

Low

–

 

–

–

 

 ZnO

High

-~±

 

–

–

 

Neutrophil counts in BALF (×1000 cells/mL ± SD)

 control

 

1.09 ± 2.43

 

14.23 ± 22.90

0.35 ± 0.77

 

 NiO

Low

1.39 ± 3.12

 

3.67 ± 2.84

1.30 ± 1.44

 

 NiO

High

84.10 ± 54.54**

 

21.97 ± 12.84

1.29 ± 1.43

 

 control

 

0 ± 0

 

0.09 ± 0.19

0 ± 0

 

 TiO2 (Rutile)

Low

0.15 ± 0.20

 

0 ± 0

0.48 ± 1.07

 

 TiO2 (Rutile)

High

0.12 ± 0.27

 

0.18 ± 0.19

0 ± 0

 

 control

 

0.55 ± 0.54

 

1.65 ± 0.64

1.94 ± 1.10

 

 CeO2

Low

38.22 ± 6.21**

 

19.70 ± 7.38**

11.13 ± 2.77**

 

 CeO2

High

96.74 ± 40.54**

 

114.92 ± 72.26**

49.18 ± 16.35**

 

 control

 

2.24 ± 1.95

 

0.56 ± 0.62

1.77 ± 0.66

 

 ZnO

Low

1.91 ± 0.63

 

0 ± 0*

2.50 ± 0.49

 

 ZnO

High

126.06 ± 45.21**

 

0.99 ± 2.17

2.24 ± 0.81

 
  1. Grade of changes - none, ± minimum, + mild,++ moderate, +++ remarked, SD standard deviation, Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with each control (Mann-Whitney U test) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)
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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

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