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Table 5 Results of multiple linear regression modeling of pulmonary function metrics

From: Association of pulmonary, cardiovascular, and hematologic metrics with carbon nanotube and nanofiber exposure among U.S. workers: a cross-sectional study

 

CNT/F metric β estimate (p-value)

FVC PPa

FEV1/FVC PPb

ln(FEF25-75 PP)c

PEF PPd

Exposure variable - untransformed

 EC–inhalable (μg/m3)

-1.78E-4 (0.478)

2.53E-4 (0.155)e

2.65E-4 (0.754)

8.17E-5 (0.810)

 EC-respirable (μg/m3)

-6.12E-4 (0.772)

1.87E-3 (0.208)

2.12E-3 (0.771)

1.76E-4 (0.950)

 TEM-total (structures/cm3)

1.02E-2 (0.651)

-4.80E-4 (0.976)

3.97E-2 (0.555)

-2.54E-2 (0.398)

 CNT/F found in sputum

-1.61E-2 (0.558)

-5.15E-3 (0.804)

-3.14E-2 (0.707)

1.57E-2 (0.700)

 CNT/F duration employed (years)

-2.30E-4 (0.930)

2.83E-3 (0.125)

1.98E-2 (0.0148)

5.32E-3 (0.130)

Exposure variable – log-transformed

 ln(EC-inhalable)

1.63E-6 (0.999)

1.27E-3 (0.598)

1.08E-2 (0.288)

-4.41E-3 (0.334)

 ln(EC-respirable)

6.79E-3 (0.172)e

6.28E-4 (0.857)

1.77E-2 (0.224)

-9.24E-3 (0.159)e

 ln(TEM-total)

5.34E-3 (0.203)

2.55E-3 (0.376)

2.14E-2 (0.0746)e

3.23E-3 (0.554)

Effect modification f

 Male

6.86E-3

2.51E-4

2.27E-2

-9.40E-3

 Female

6.55E-3

6.12E-4

1.73E-2

-8.72E-3

  p for interaction

 0.968

 0.869

 0.689

 0.948

 White race, non-Hispanic

8.02E-3

2.50E-4

2.04E-2

-7.76E-3

 All other races and Hispanic

-8.48E-4

-1.53E-3

2.83E-2

-1.54E-2

  p for interaction

 0.533

 0.907

 0.592

 0.496

 Age <40

3.81E-3

-1.32E-4

1.35E-2

-1.16E-2

 Age ≥40

8.66E-3

2.74E-4

2.56E-2

-7.41E-3

  p for interaction

 0.468

 0.587

 0.304

 0.635

 Education < college degree

1.11E-2

-1.65E-3

3.09E-2

-1.83E-3

 Education ≥ college degree

5.57E-3

2.80E-4

1.58E-2

-1.11E-2

  p for interaction

 0.457

 0.149

 0.212

 0.349

 No lung diseaseg

6.38E-3

1.69E-4

1.84E-2

-1.82E-2

 Has lung disease

6.99E-3

2.56E-4

2.23E-2

-3.90E-3

  p for interaction

 0.927

 0.928

 0.726

 0.0985

 CHM score <5

7.91E-4

2.54E-4

3.00E-2

-9.74E-3

 CHM score ≥5

1.41E-2

3.03E-6

1.80E-2

-8.87E-3

  p for interaction

 0.186

 0.908

 0.287

 0.922

  1. Abbreviations— CHM cardiovascular health metric, CNT/F carbon nanotubes or nanofibers, EC elemental carbon, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, FEF25-75 forced expiratory fraction between 25 and 75% of maximal, PEF peak expiratory flow, PP percent predicted, TEM transmission electron microscopy
  2. aFVC percent predicted adjusted for race/ethnicity, high CHM score, and self-reported current exposure to strong acids
  3. bFEV1/FVC percent predicted unadjusted
  4. cFEF25-75% adjusted for cigarette pack-years, self-reported current solvent exposure, and duration of exposure to CNT/F
  5. dPEF adjusted for self-reported past exposure to dust
  6. eCNT/F exposure metric associated with the lowest Schwarz’s Bayesian Criterion value (best fit)
  7. fParameter estimates and p-values are shown for the CNT/F exposure metric identified as having the best fit
  8. gSelf-reported respiratory allergy, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease