Fig. 8

IL-1β secretion by PBMCs following exposure to MSU crystals or SNPs. Secretion of IL-1β by PBMCs with (main figure) or without (inset) initial exposure to 10 ng/mL LPS for 3 h followed by exposure to MSU crystals (100 μg/mL) or SNPs (100 μg/mL) for a further 3 h. The supernatant was either collected immediately for analysis (3 h; open bars) or following a further 21 h of cell incubation in fresh (i.e. without added particles or MAMPs) TCM (3 + 21 h; black bars). All data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4). Results were analysed by paired T test in comparison to baseline (B), i.e. non-particle-exposed cells; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus respective baseline