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Fig. 3 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 3

From: Impaired Ciliogenesis in differentiating human bronchial epithelia exposed to non-Cytotoxic doses of multi-walled carbon Nanotubes

Fig. 3

a Autoregressive spectra of cilia beating frequency in control (CoV) vs MWCNT 1 μg/cm2, showing representative examples of intensity peaks. Dominant frequencies were typically close to 20 Hz and these peaks contained most of the signal, however, in MWCNT-treated cells, a larger percentage of the total signal was found at other frequencies. b Percentage of the total signal which fell under the dominant beating frequency peak decreased with MWCNT exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly more of the total beating frequencies were found outside of the dominant 20 Hz signal in MWCNT-exposed BECs, indicating greater heterogeneity of cilia beating. Vehicle control (CoV) and MWCNT 1 μg/cm2 treatments performed post-differentiation (at day 20) were included for comparison (labeled “Post”). c Dominant amplitude of the cilia beating pattern also changed with MWCNT exposure, with greater variability in amplitude found in MWCNT-exposed cells. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, bars indicate SD). Data for intensity and amplitude measurements were compiled from 2 donors each, with 5 motion-captures from each donor

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