|  |  | 80 ng/cm2 | 240 ng/cm2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cytokine | Function | Â | 6Â h | 24Â h | 48Â h | 6Â h | 24Â h | 48Â h |
 |  |  | pg/mL | pg/mL | pg/mL | pg/mL | pg/mL | pg/mL |
L-6 | Hematopoiesis, thrombopoiesis; induces T cell proliferation and differentiation; Variable effects on cytokine release by monocytes | control | 19.5 ± 5.7 | 34.3 ± 6.3 | 29.8 ± 7.5 | 19.4 ± 3.7 | 30.9 ± 10.1 | 22.7 ± 5.7 |
exposed | 27.9 ± 5.2 | 30.3 ± 4.5 | 39.6 ± 14.3 | 19.2 ± 6.0 | 25.5 ± 3.4 | 29.9 ± 6.7 | ||
IL-8 | Chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine; activates neutrophils inducing chemotaxis, exocytosis and the respiratory burst; elicits neutrophil accumulation at the site of inflammation | control | 5815 ± 610 | 6183 ± 530 | 6236 ± 665 | 4719 ± 484 | 6163 ± 540 | 5531 ± 693 |
exposed | 4905 ± 754 | 5218 ± 681 | 4908 ± 673 | 4866 ± 807 | 5092 ± 596 | 4905 ± 785 | ||
TNF-α | Monocyte activation, cytokine and prostaglandin upregulation; Endothelial cell adhesion molecule and cytokine release upregulation | control | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 10.3 ± 2.9 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 11.7 ± 2.8 |
exposed | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 1.6 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | ||
GM-CSF | Granulocyte and monocyte maturation; leukocyte prostaglandin release; DC maturation; pulmonary surfactant turnover | control | 10.9 ± 2.7 | 23.7 ± 1.4 | 81.0 ± 12.8 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 23.9 ± 2.5 | 82.4 ± 5.2 |
exposed | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 24.6 ± 4.0 | 78.2 ± 12.6 | 23.0 ± 16.6 | 23.4 ± 2.5 | 83.7 ± 10.4 | ||
MCP-1 | Plays a crucial role in initiating atherosclerosis by recruiting macrophages and monocytes to the vessel wall | control | 4832 ± 1181 | 6000 ± 1189 | 10545 ± 1308 | 4832 ± 1181 | 7428 ± 1087 | 8985 ± 942 |
exposed | 4697 ± 1187 | 7814 ± 493 | 8708 ± 1187 | 4315 ± 621 | 6974 ± 473 | 8392 ± 1129 |