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Fig. 7 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 7

From: Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Fig. 7

Exposure of persistently infected human cells to carbon NP induces reactivation of EBV: two lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) infected with recombinant EBV (panels ac and df) and three LCL infected with EBV WT (panels gi) were incubated with 50 μg/ml CNP or DWCNT for 72 h. Virus genomes in the supernatant were determined by qPCR for the viral gene EBNA1 after 72 h (panels a, d and g; individual values and means). Expression of the viral genes BZLF1 (specific for the lytic phase) and EBNA1 (expressed in all phases of EBV life cycle) – shown as the ratio BZLF1/EBNA1 (panels b, e and h; individual values and means) – and expression of genes that have been shown to be associated with reactivation of latent virus (panels c, f and i; means + SD) was analyzed by RT-PCR 72 h after NP exposure. The values in untreated cells were set as “1” and the values for cells after NP treatment were calculated relative to the control. The symbols shown in panels ac depict two, and in panels d-e three independent experiments. In panels g-h, the symbols reflect three different cell lines tested in a single experiment. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference to the untreated control (*: P < 0.05)

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