Fig. 4
From: Early kidney damage induced by subchronic exposure to PM2.5 in rats
Exposure to PM2.5 induces the release of kidney early damage markers in urine. Rats were exposed to concentrated PM2.5 (8 weeks, 4 days/week, 5 h/ day). At the end of each week twelve hours-urine was collected by metabolic cage. Six early kidney markers were evaluated by Luminex technology. Albumin does not show statistical differences at any time evaluated (a). α-1-glycoprotein (b), β-2-Microglobulin (c), Cistatin-C (d), epithermal growth factor (e) and lipocalin-2/NGAL (f) have the highest increment in urine levels in the second week. The most sensitive early markers a long to the particle exposure were β-2-Microglobulin and Cistatin-C showed increments on the first, second, sixth, and eighth week. At week 4 any early damage kidney marker showed statistical differences. On boxplot graphyc * indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05)