Table 2 Characterization of aerosols and deposition of NM on cells

Suspension concentration (g/L)

1

5

10

1

5

10

1

5

10

1

5

10

Aerosol concentration (mg/m³) (Gravimetry)

7.9

52.5

105.7

7.1

35.1

75.3

10.6

55.4

101.8

10.6

56.7

113.5

Total aerosol volume concentration (um³/cm³) (SMPS + OPC)

18.6

83.3

133

11.8

66.4

114

11.7

55.3

118.4

10.8

45.8

101.3

Aerosol effective density^a (g/cm³)

0.42

0.63

0.79

0.90

0.83

0.89

0.60

0.63

0.64

0.98

1.24

1.12

Aerosol VMD^b (nm)

874

963

997

683

750

1060

1240

1360

1320

597

727

842

Volume geometric standard deviation

2.56

2.15

2.01

1.91

1.83

2.23

2.52

2.31

2.23

2.52

2.17

2.25

Aerosol GMD^b (nm)

196

234

249

61

74

85

289

319

317

135

190

210

Theoretical deposited mass^c (μg/cm² in 3 h)

1.5

10.1

20.4

1.4

6.8

14.5

2.0

10.7

19.6

2.0

10.9

21.9

Deposited mass^d(μg/cm² in 3 h) (n = 4-7) (ICP-MS)

0.06 ± 0.01

0.66 ± 0.12

2.68 ± 0.6

0.22 ± 0.03

1.51 ± 0.11

3.15 ± 0.44

0.11 ± 0.01

0.50 ± 0.12

2.85 ± 0.30

0.22 ± 0.02

1.54 ± 0.08

3.26 ± 0.68

Deposited mass^e(μg/cm² in 3 h) (n = 3) (QCM)

0.11 ± 0.01

0.72 ± 0.06

1.07 ± 0.02

0.14 ± 0.01

1.08 ± 0.39

2.43 ± 0.21

0.44 ± 0.08

1.43 ± 0.53

3.21 ± 0.69

0.24 ± 0.05

1.37 ± 0.17

2.97 ± 0.64

Deposition efficiency^f (%) (ICP-MS)

4.1

6.5

13.2

15.8

22.4

21.7

5.2

4.7

14.5

10.7

14.1

14.9

Deposition efficiency^f (%)(QCM)

7.1

7.1

5.2

10.5

15.9

16.7

21.7

13.4

16.4

11.8

12.5

13.6