Table 4 Histological changes in male rats treated with Cu NPs and MPs following 28Â days-repeated oral dose
Items | Cu NPs (mg/kg/day) | Cu MPs (mg/kg/day) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 100 | 200 | 400 | 0 | 100 | 200 | 400 | |
No. of rats | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Liver | ||||||||
 Mononuclear cell infiltration | -(0)a | -(0) | +(4) | ++(8) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Dilated sinusoid | -(0) | +(2) | +(7) | +(9) | -(0) | +(2) | +(2) | +(4) |
 Degenerated hepatocytes | -(0) | -(0) | +(3) | +(9) | -(0) | +(1) | +(2) | +(1) |
 Binucleated hepatocytes | +(1) | +(1) | +(2) | +(7) | +(1) | +(2) | +(3) | +(1) |
Kidney | ||||||||
 Dilated tubules | -(0) | +(2) | ++(3) | ++(8) | -(0) | +(1) | +(4) | +(3) |
 Cell debris in tubules | -(0) | -(0) | ++(4) | ++(8) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Purple-colored casts in tubules | -(0) | -(0) | +(5) | +++(7) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Degenerated tubular cells | -(0) | -(0) | +(2) | ++(8) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Inflammatory cell infiltration | -(0) | -(0) | +(2) | +(7) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
Spleen | ||||||||
 Atrophic white pulp | -(0) | -(0) | +(3) | ++(7) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Decreased number of follicles | -(0) | -(0) | +(3) | +++(6) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Decreased cellularity | -(0) | -(0) | +(1) | ++(7) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Yellow pigmentation | -(0) | -(0) | +(1) | +(5) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
Thymus | ||||||||
 Decreased cellularity in medulla/cortex | -(0) | -(0) | +(2) | ++(5) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Disrupted demarcation of medullar/cortex | -(0) | -(0) | +(2) | ++(4) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |
 Cytoplasmic vacuolation | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | +(5) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) | -(0) |