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Table 3 Serum biochemical changes in male rats treated with Cu NPs and Cu MPs following 28 days-repeated oral dose

From: Comparative toxicity and biodistribution assessments in rats following subchronic oral exposure to copper nanoparticles and microparticles

Items

Cu NPs (mg/kg/day)

0

100

200

400

No. of rats

10

10

10

10

AST (IU/L)

115.6 ± 19.32a

125.2 ± 15.04

258.4 ± 21.52**

626.6 ± 60.04**

ALT (IU/L)

23.7 ± 2.80

33.3 ± 12.95

88.4 ± 20.65**

115.8 ± 19.12**

ALP (IU/L)

129.8 ± 12.45

132.0 ± 16.08

156.4 ± 22.06*

175.7 ± 38.23**

BUN (mg/dL)

19.4 ± 2.02

20.2 ± 3.24

22.4 ± 1.39

40.6 ± 6.72**

CRE (mg/dL)

0.23 ± 0.052

0.24 ± 0.041

0.26 ± 0.058

0.38 ± 0.068**

CPK (IU/L)

519.0 ± 124.43

504.2 ± 99.57

480.5 ± 94.72

335.2 ± 94.70**

TBIL (mg/dL)

0.25 ± 0.071

0.24 ± 0.055

0.34 ± 0.036

1.07 ± 0.318**

TCHO (mg/dL)

77.6 ± 8.82

79.7 ± 8.94

78.7 ± 2.52

68.6 ± 14.36

TG (mg/dL)

142.0 ± 25.52

133.4 ± 38.73

102.3 ± 29.10*

87.3 ± 28.43**

TP (g/dL)

6.2 ± 0.21

6.1 ± 0.31

5.4 ± 0.25**

5.4 ± 0.36**

ALB (g/dL)

4.2 ± 0.36

4.0 ± 0.12

4.0 ± 0.23

4.0 ± 0.17

LDH (IU/L)

227.7 ± 79.76

268.4 ± 55.99

321.1 ± 57.63*

462.3 ± 106.3**

Na (mEq/L)

141.8 ± 0.75

140.2 ± 1.35

140.3 ± 1.21

137.8 ± 2.95**

Cl (mEq/L)

97.6 ± 2.34

96.0 ± 1.17

95.8 ± 1.53*

93.4 ± 1.14**

K (mEq/L)

4.5 ± 0.49

4.8 ± 0.28

5.1 ± 0.26

6.0 ± 1.04**

Items

Cu MPs (mg/kg/day)

 

0

100

200

400

No. of rats

10

10

10

10

AST (IU/L)

113.7 ± 13.25

135.4 ± 29.86

138.6 ± 22.51

138.3 ± 21.89

ALT (IU/L)

24.9 ± 7.91

27.3 ± 10.83

24.7 ± 4.28

24.8 ± 5.69

ALP (IU/L)

124.7 ± 14.40

147.2 ± 20.99*

120.4 ± 18.95

122.8 ± 11.17

BUN (mg/dL)

17.3 ± 2.94

21.5 ± 4.85

21.5 ± 4.72

19.4 ± 3.67

CRE (mg/dL)

0.23 ± 0.045

0.26 ± 0.062

0.27 ± 0.058

0.24 ± 0.056

CPK (IU/L)

534.5 ± 106.82

522.7 ± 141.61

559.9 ± 80.12

516.9 ± 121.53

TBIL (mg/dL)

0.23 ± 0.045

0.24 ± 0.062

0.26 ± 0.058

0.25 ± 0.056

TCHO (mg/dL)

80.4 ± 6.41

77.7 ± 10.74

89.9 ± 15.03

77.7 ± 4.37

TG (mg/dL)

132.3 ± 20.45

139.9 ± 20.17

149.4 ± 24.16

137.6 ± 20.76

TP (g/dL)

6.4 ± 0.31

6.3 ± 0.47

6.1 ± 0.50

6.2 ± 0.16

ALB (g/dL)

4.2 ± 0.17

4.2 ± 0.27

4.3 ± 0.22

4.2 ± 0.22

LDH (IU/L)

256.8 ± 73.56

236.9 ± 61.90

298.9 ± 94.33

356.5 ± 98.59*

Na (mEq/L)

140.3 ± 1.16

141.1 ± 1.97

143.2 ± 1.14

141.6 ± 1.65

Cl (mEq/L)

97.3 ± 1.42

98.9 ± 1.52

97.6 ± 1.65

99.0 ± 1.67

K (mEq/L)

4.6 ± 0.32

5.1 ± 0.67

4.5 ± 0.36

4.6 ± 0.44

  1. Note. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CRE creatinine, CPK creatine phosphokinase, TBIL total bilirubin, TCHO total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, TP total protein, ALB albumin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, Na sodium, Clchloride, K potassium
  2. aValues are presented as mean ± SD
  3. *, ** P < 0.05, P < 0.01 versus vehicle control group