Fig. 5

Characterising in-medium nanoparticle exposures using DLS: BARS = modal agglomerate hydrodynamic diameter (±99 % distribution range); POINTS = zeta potential (± SD). Size/charge was calculated by peak analysis of averaged number distributions (10 scans; n = 2). DLS was carried out at 37 °C for the 300 μg/mL (2D) and equivalent 3D (450 μg) doses. A growth medium reference without nanoparticles was also assessed during each replicate to ensure nanoparticles were being reliably detected against the serum particulate background. Alternative dose metrics including the 3D equivalent total mass doses with volume (in-medium exposures) unit components are provided in Table 2