Skip to main content

Table 2 Effects of particle surface on the ability of cultured phagocytes to process and release IL-1β

From: The complex cascade of cellular events governing inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing in response to inhaled particles

Surface

Chemical composition (doses)

Surface characteristics

Radicals produced at cell surface

IL-1β release

Identified mechanisms

Cell type

Reference

Amorphous silica (50–200 μg/ml)

Midly -

+

++

Actin-mediated endocytosis, lysosomal acidification and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

Macrophages

[83]

- (−COOH)

/

+

Actin-mediated endocytosis, lysosomal acidification and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

  

+ (−NH2)

/

-

N. r.

  

Silanol +++

+++

+++

N.a.

Macrophages

[95]

Silanol +++

++

++

Independent of entry and cathepsin B release

  

Silanol ++

+

+

N.a.

  

Silanol +

+

-

N.r.

  

Polystyrene (100 μg/ml)

+ (−NH2)

/

+

Oxidative stress

Macrophages

[127]

- (−COOH)

/

-

N.r.

  

/

/

-

N.r.

  

Aluminum oxyhydroxyde (500 μg/ml)

OH- +++++

++++

++++

Actin-mediated endocytosis, lysosomal acidification and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

Monocytes and macrophages

[85]

OH- ++++

+++

+++

Actin-mediated endocytosis and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

  

OH- ++++

++

++

Actin-mediated endocytosis and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

  

OH- ++

+

+

Actin-mediated endocytosis and cathepsin B activity, oxidative stress

  

OH- +

+

+/−

Oxidative stress (actin-mediated endocytosis and cathepsin B activity not convincing)

  

MWCNT (10–100 μg/ml)

Raw

/

+++

Lysosomal damage and cathepsin B activity

Macrophages

[100]

Purified (less Ni contamination)

/

++

Lysosomal damage and cathepsin B activity

  

- (−COOH)

/

+

Cathepsin B activity

  
  1. The smallest and fiber- or needle-like particles are particularly active to induce IL-1β release. Surface area properties and reactivity also govern inflammasome/IL-1β activation. Physical or chemical treatments aiming to reduce surface reactivity can control inflammogenicity of particles
  2. N.a. not assessed, N.r. not relevant