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Table 4 Linear mixed model results of the time course changes (i.e., evolution over time) of oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC, plasma and urine, presented as percentages, with 95 % CI and p-value

From: Increase in oxidative stress levels following welding fume inhalation: a controlled human exposure study

  

EBC

PLASMA

CREATININE CORRECTED URINE

 

Time

Exponentiated coefficients with 95 % CI (p-value)

Exponentiated coefficients with 95 % CI (p-value)

Exponentiated coefficients with 95 % CI (p-value)

Log-Total Reducing Capacity [a.u]

T1

–

–

–

T2

−1 % [−18 %;19 %], (0.89)

−5 % [−13 %;4 %], (0.31)b

−4 % [−24 %;22 %], (0.75)

T3

5 % [−13 %;26 %], (0.63)

2 % [−7 %;12 %], (0.63)b

12 % [−12 %;42 %], (0.36)

T4

3 % [11 %;61 %], (0.77)

0.1 %[−9 %;10 %], (0.99)b

24 % [−2 %;58 %], (0.08)

Log- H2O2 [μM]

T1

–

–

–

T2

12 % [−38 %;103 %], (0.72)

5 % [−12 %;25 %], (0.57)

17 % [−38 %;119 %], (0.62)

T3

−29 % [−60 %;29 %], (0.26)

14 % [−4 %;36 %], (0.14)

23 % [−34 %;131 %], (0.51)

T4

−14 % [−52 %;56 %], (0.62)

24 % [4 %;48 %], (0.014)a

91 % [−2 %;258 %], (0.043)a

Log-MDA [nM]

T1

–

–

–

T2

−19 % [−58 %;57 %], (0.53)

−4 % [−25 %;23 %], (0.74)

2 % [−25 %;40 %], (0.89)

T3

−0.8 % [−49 %;92 %], (0.98)

−0.4 % [−22 %;27 %], (0.97)

8 % [−21 %;48 %], (0.63)

T4

−39 % [−68 %;19 %], (0.15)

−6 % [−26 %;21 %], (0.65)

5 % [−23 %;44 %], (0.76)

Log-8-OHdG [μg/l]

T1

–

–

–

T2

–

4 % [−9 %;20 %], (0.52)

12 % [−21 %;57 %], (0.54)

T3

–

6 % [−8 %;21 %], (0.41)

19 % [−16 %;68 %], (0.33)

T4

–

14 % [0 %;31 %], (0.049)a

45 % [3 %;105 %], (0.033)a

  1. aIndicates significant (p < 0.05) increase at the time point as compared to T1 bTotal reducing capacity concentration was measured in whole blood and not plasma