Table 2 Mean and range of welding fume characterization parameters as measured during the 60 min welding task at the BZ of the volunteer

PNC (particles/cm³)

1.69E + 06

8.69E + 05–3.85E + 06

GMD (nm)

45

29–108

Gravimetric mass PM₄ (mg/m³)

0.716

0.25–2.29

ROS production potential (nmol/m³)

16.89

0.53–31.2

Elements (mg/m³):

Al

0.386

0.03–1.233

W

0.205

0.012–0.684

Si

0.074

0.007–0.201

Na

0.019

0–0.049

Mg

0.015

0–0.029

Ce

0.007

0.001–0.018

Fe

0.006

0.002–0.015