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Table 5 Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis at 1 or 35 days after inhalation exposure to BaSO 4 NPs

From: Biokinetics and effects of barium sulfate nanoparticles

 

4-week exposure

13-week exposure

 

Control

BaSO4

Control

BaSO4

BaSO4 lung burden (mg)

 

0.84 ± 0.18

 

1.73 ± 0.85

Total cells (million)

    

1 day

0.649 ± 0.20

0.562 ± 0.12

0.610 ± 0.20

0.836 ± 0.15*

35 days

0.580 ± 0.11

0.454 ± 0.12

ND

ND

Neutrophils (million)

    

1 day

0.007 ± 0.003

0.021 ± 0.010*

0.016 ± 0.006

0.204 ± 0.175*

35 days

0.019 ± 0.008

0.032 ± 0.024

ND

ND

Total protein (mg/L)

    

1 day

60 ± 4

77 ± 13*

52 ± 10

64 ± 13

35 days

81 ± 23

59 ± 13

ND

ND

GGT (nkat/L)

    

1 day

37 ± 17

40 ± 10

41 ± 7

64 ± 13*

35 days

42 ± 12

37 ± 12

ND

ND

ALP (μkat/L)

    

1 day

0.83 ± 0.16

0.83 ± 0.20

0.51 ± 0.10

0.87 ± 0.21*

35 days

0.70 ± 0.09

0.70 ± 0.12

ND

ND

MCP-1 (pg/ml)

    

1 day

14.0 ± 0.0

54.7 ± 14.3*

24.2 ± 8.4

176.7 ± 126.1*#

35 days

17.3 ± 2.6

14.7 ± 1.7

ND

ND

CINC-1/IL-8 (pg/ml)

    

1 day

104.2 ± 26.7

158.7 ± 22.4*

93.7 ± 18.7

223.8 ± 125.7*

35 days

158.8 ± 38.1

167.6 ± 41.1

ND

ND

  1. Data are mean ± SD, n = 5/group. Control rats were exposed to filtered air.
  2. ND, not determined.
  3. *p ≤0.05, BaSO4-exposed vs. control; #p ≤0.05, 13-week vs. 4-week exposure.
  4. Neutrophils counts were significantly much lower compared to data from rats instilled with 1.4 mg BaSO4 (5 mg/kg BaSO4) (Table 4).