Ozone co-exposure modifies cardiac responses to fine and ultrafine ambient particulate matter in mice: concordance of electrocardiogram and mechanical responses

Table 3 Baseline hemodynamic properties and the onset time to ischemic contracture

Group (n = 6-8)	LVDP (cmH₂O)	HR (bpm)	Flow rate (mL/min)	dP/dt_max(cmH₂O/sec)	dP/dt_min(cmH₂O/sec)	Time to contracture (min)
FA	96.7 ± 9.6	306.6 ± 17.5	1.7 ± 0.3	3880 ± 208	-2744 ± 317	14.3 ± 1.9
UFCAPs	59.7 ± 15.4	270.3 ± 19.6	1.7 ± 0.5	2564 ± 825	-1452 ± 395	14.6 ± 1.8
UFCAPs + O₃	45.0 ± 9.3*	295.1 ± 18.5	2.0 ± 0.5	1975 ± 306*	-1323 ± 286*	15.1 ± 1.6
FCAPs	31.9 ± 6.7*	301.3 ± 27.6	5.7 ± 2.9	1397 ± 296*	-981 ± 259*	11.1 ± 0.5
FCAPs + O₃	88.0 ± 18.4	277.6 ± 15.7	1.7 ± 0.2	3034 ± 528	-2219 ± 394	12.9 ± 1.3
O₃	54.7 ± 12.6	246.3 ± 36.4	2.5 ± 0.6	2483 ± 480	-1520 ± 318	15.3 ± 1.6

Values are means ± SEM. Flow rate = coronary flow rate; dP/dt_max = maximum 1st derivative of the change in left ventricular pressure/time; dP/dt_min = minimum 1st derivative of the change in left ventricular pressure/time; time to contracture = onset time to ischemic contracture. *Significantly different from FA; p < 0.05; n = 5-8.

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