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Table 1 Characteristics of TiO 2 , Ag, CaCO 3 and SiO 2 particles

From: Contamination of nanoparticles by endotoxin: evaluation of different test methods

 

TiO 2

Ag

CaCO 3

SiO 2

Average TEM or SEM size (nm)

15 ± 4

From 25 (spherical) to 80 – 90 nm (rods)

From nano- to micrometer size

19 ± 4

Hydrodynamic diameter (nm)

396 (P10: 164, P90: 1128)

90 (P10: 52, P90: 121)

67 (P10: 41, P90: 139) and 582 (P10: 267, P90: 1361

192 (P10: 105, P90: 332)

Zeta potential (mV)

- 25 ± 1

- 42 ± 0.8

- 14 ± 0.5

- 40 ± 1.1

Shape

Almost spherical

Some spherical, others rods

Mixed, flakes

Spherical

  1. TEM/SEM size, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and shape of the different particles. TEM/SEM size and zeta potential are expressed as mean ± SD. Hydrodynamic diameter is expressed as an intensity-weighted average with P10 (probability 10%) and P90 (probability 90%).