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Table 4 Associations of short-term exposure to 24 h average PM 10 with inflammatory markers, by selected strata

From: Effects of particulate matter on inflammatory markers in the general adult population

 

hs-CRP

p-value

IL-1β

p-value

IL-6

p-value

TNF-α

p-value

Female

−0.008

0.439

0.019

0.302

0.035

0.015

0.023

0.002

(−0.028, 0.012)

(−0.017, 0.056)

(0.007, 0.063)

(0.008, 0.038)

Male

0.009

0.416

0.050

0.012

0.041

0.009

0.025

0.002

(−0.013, 0.031)

(0.011, 0.090)

(0.010, 0.071)

(0.009, 0.041)

Interaction p-value §

 

0.560

 

0.376

 

0.869

 

0.620

Age < 55

−0.007

0.511

0.037

0.047

0.048

0.001

0.027

<0.001

(−0.027, 0.013)

(0.0004, 0.073)

(0.020, 0.077)

(0.013, 0.042)

Age > =55

0.007

0.527

0.030

0.141

0.022

0.144

0.020

0.021

(−0.015, 0.029)

(−0.010, 0.069)

(−0.008, 0.052)

(0.003, 0.036)

Interaction p-value §

 

0.404

 

0.703

 

0.105

 

0.619

Healthy

0.025

0.151

0.038

0.250

0.062

0.022

0.035

0.009

(−0.009, 0.058)

(−0.027, 0.103)

(0.009, 0.114)

(0.009, 0.062)

Non-healthy

−0.007

0.400

0.033

0.027

0.029

0.011

0.022

<0.001

(−0.024, 0.009)

(0.004, 0.062)

(0.007, 0.052)

(0.010, 0.034)

Interaction p-value §

 

0.620

 

0.708

 

0.862

 

0.769

No statins

−0.002

0.806

0.027

0.064

0.036

0.002

0.024

<0.001

(−0.018, 0.014)

(−0.002, 0.056)

(0.013, 0.058)

(0.012, 0.036)

With statins

0.006

0.773

0.073

0.057

0.038

0.165

0.020

0.203

(−0.036, 0.049)

(−0.002, 0.015)

(−0.016, 0.093)

(−0.011, 0.051)

Interaction p-value §

 

0.843

 

0.372

 

0.886

 

0.812

  1. Data are coefficients (95 % CI) from robust regression models. Coefficients represent change in cytokine per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10. § P-value for interaction between the strata variable and PM10 for their effects on the inflammatory marker.
  2. Sample sizes for healthy and non-healthy are 993 and 5190, respectively.