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Table 2 Total number of cells, total protein and activity of LDH in BAL fluid after sub-acute inhalation (4 hr/d, 10 d; 3.5 mg/m3) and intratracheal instillation (24 hr post-exposure; 3, 35, 100 μg) to Cu NPs

From: Effects of copper nanoparticle exposure on host defense in a murine pulmonary infection model

Animal Group

Total number of cells/mouse (× 10 3 ± SE)

Total protein (μg/mL ± SE)

LDH Activity (U/L ± SE)

Inhalation study

Sham exposure

105 ± 14

127 ± 4

100 ± 6

Cu NP

1,210 ± 106***

544 ± 38***

336 ± 29***

Instillation study

Sham exposure

149 ± 32

107 ± 7

163 ± 17

Cu NP

Low, 3 μg/mouse

186 ± 70

122 ± 17

193 ± 21

Cu NP

Medium, 35 μg/mouse

977 ± 156**

160 ± 13*

236 ± 21*

Cu NP

High, 100 μg/mouse

882 ± 121**

219 ± 37*

341 ± 39**

p by one-way ANOVA

p < 0.001

p < 0.01

p < 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SE; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 significantly different from sham-exposed mice.
  2. p- value from one-way ANOVA test of a trend for comparison between NP exposure groups and controls.