Material | Administration | ENP size (nm)** | Translocation to blood | Translocation to CNS | Ref.* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Inhalation | Nasal instillation | Injection |  |  |  |  |
Carbon particles | X | Â | Â | 4-20 | X | Â | [51] |
 | X |  |  | 100 | X |  | [46] (human) |
 |  | X |  | 36 |  | X | [38] |
Cu | X | Â | Â | 23.5 | X | Â | [49] |
Ir | X | Â | Â | 2-4 | X | X | [50] |
MnO2 | X | Â | Â | 30 | X | X | |
 | X |  |  | 23 | X | X | [62] |
Polystyrene | X | Â | Â | 56.4 | X | X | [48] |
 | X |  |  | 202 | X | X | [48] |
TiO2 | X | Â | Â | 20 | X | Â | [48] |
 |  | X |  | 80, 155 (very high doses) |  | X | |
 |  |  | X | 25-70 (s.c.) |  | X | [65] |
 |  |  | X | 25-70 (i.v.) |  | X | [66] |
 |  |  | X | 5 (i.p.) |  | X | [67] |
Latex particles | Â | X | Â | 20-200 | Â | X | |
Ag | Â | X | Â | 70-110 | Â | X | [60] |