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Table 3 Long-term dissolution parameters (mean ± standard deviation) for tungsten-containing materials after immersion in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (pH 4.5) for 31 days

From: Persistence of tungsten oxide particle/fiber mixtures in artificial human lung fluids

 

As Received

Dispersed

Mixture with Cobalt

Powder

t 1/2 (days)

k [g/(cm 2 ·day)]

t 1/2 (days)

k [g/(cm 2 ·day)]

t 1/2 (days)

k [g/(cm 2 ·day)]

WO3

9893 ± 2549

9.8 ± 2.9 × 10-9

21541 ± 1890

4.3 ± 0.4 × 10-9

8052 ± 2458

1.1 ± 0.4 × 10-8

WO2.98

656 ± 154

9.9 ± 2.6 × 10-9

929 ± 45

6.8 ± 0.3 × 10-9

655 ± 72

9.6 ± 1.0 × 10-9

WO2.81

2218 ± 84

1.1 ± 0.0 × 10-8

2207 ± 144

1.1 ± 0.1 × 10-8

2084 ± 102

1.2 ± 0.1 × 10-8

WO2.66a

181 ± 7

2.6 ± 0.1 × 10-7

214 ± 6

2.2 ± 0.1 × 10-7

218 ± 17

2.1 ± 0.2 × 10-7

WO2.51

2455 ± 422

1.4 ± 0.2 × 10-8

2915 ± 414

1.1 ± 0.2 × 10-8

1343 ± 252

2.5 ± 0.5 × 10-8

W

97 ± 17

1.1 ± 0.2 × 10-6

--b

--

--

--

  1. a Values for t1/2 (days) and k [g/(cm2·day)] calculated using surface-area-limited dissolution model: 87 ± 4, 5.3 ± 0.2 × 10-7 (as-received); 106 ± 3, 4.4 ± 0.1 × 10-7 (dispersed); 101 ± 8, 4.6 ± 0.4 × 10-7 (mixture).
  2. b Not applicable for the tungsten metal samples