From: Association of cardiac and vascular changes with ambient PM2.5 in diabetic individuals
Clinical Characteristics | N = 22 individuals |
---|---|
Disease history | Total number N (%) or mean (± SD) |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 22 (100) |
Time since diabetes diagnosis [yrs] | 6.4 (± 5.0) |
Hyperlipidemia | 19 (86) |
Hypertension | 19 (86) |
Past myocardial infarction | 0 (0) |
Coronary artery disease | 4 (18) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 3 (14) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (5) |
Diabetic retinopathy | 1 (5) |
Diabetic nephropathya | 8 (36) |
Blood marker levels | Total number N (%) |
Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7%b | 9 (41)c |
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) ≥ 7 ng/mlb | 41 (51)d |
Ferritin ≥ 60 ng/mlb | 36 (41)e |
Adiponectin < 3700 ng/mlb | 11 (50)f |
Homocysteine ≥ 12 μmol/lb | 11 (50)c |
Medication intake | Total number N (%) |
Sulfonylureas | 10 (45) |
Thiazolidinediones | 6 (27) |
Metformin | 14 (64) |
Statins | 12 (55) |
Aspirin | 14 (64) |
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (BB) | 9 (41) |
Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors | 12 (55) |
Calcium-blockers | 2 (9) |
Diuretics | 8 (36) |
Angiotension II-receptor blocker | 3 (14) |
Estrogen | 2 (9) |