In vitro effects of nanoparticles on renal cells

Table 1 Physical characteristics of the nanoparticles

Nanoparticles powder	Diameter (nm)*	Source	BET surface (m² g^-1)*	Crystal phase*	Turbidimetry (NTU) in H₂0 [19.6 and 38.2 μg/ml]	Turbidimetry (NTU) in RPMI [19.6 and 38.2 μg/ml]	Average diameter (MET) nanoparticles [nm ± sd]	Aggregates diameter (MET) [Min – Max nm]
FW2	13	Degussa	350	Amorphous carbon	34 ± 1 61 ± 3	28 ± 3 51 ± 5	22,61 ± 5,93	[31–734]
P60	21	Degussa	115	Amorphous carbon	225 ± 10 432 ± 17	60 ± 2 107 ± 3	35,29 ± 10,06	[64–1891]
LB101	95	Degussa	20	Amorphous carbon	172 ± 7 286 ± 17	66 ± 3 116 ± 9	165,15 ± 62,02	[123–2804]
TiO₂-15	15	Sigma Aldrich	200 – 220	99,7% metal basis 98% anatase/rutile**	158 ± 16 327 ± 32	173 ± 14 337 ± 28	11,69 ± 2,28	[67–1348]
TiO₂-50	25 – 75	Sigma Aldrich	20 – 25	99,9% metal basis 65% anatase/rutile**	201 ± 4 397 ± 7	254 ± 6 500 ± 13	47,83 ± 32,97	[84–1364]

* data provided by the manufacturer
** data provided by Setyan et al.
Turbidimetry measurements were performed in RPMI 1640-serum free medium or in ultrapure deionized water to characterize particle dispersion rates at 19.6 and 38.2 μg/ml (corresponding to concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/cm²). Average diameter of nanoparticles, expressed as mean size ± SD nm, and average diameter of aggregates were determined using a transmission electron microscope fitted with a camera and SIS software. (*data provided by the manufacturer, **personal data, Setyan, Sauvain and Rossi submitted in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics).

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