Test system | In Vitro | In Vivo | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
THP-1 | Nasal epithelial cells | Small airway epithelial cells | Nasal lavage of healthy volunteers (Khatri et al. 2012) | ||||
Cytokine | ↑ | Dose information | ↑ | Dose information | ↑ | Dose information | |
(μg/mL) | (μg/mL) | (μg/mL) | |||||
IL-8 | *** | 6Â hr, only at 300 | *** | 6Â h, all doses | *** | 6Â h, all doses | *** |
24Â hr, all doses | 24Â h, all doses | 24Â h, all doses | |||||
IL-6 | *** | 6Â hr, only at 300 | - | - | - | - | *** |
24Â hr, 100 & 300 | |||||||
IL-1β | ** | 6 hr, 300 | - | - | * | 24 hr, only at 300 | *** |
24Â hr, 300 | Â | Â | Â | ||||
GM-CSF | ** | 6Â hr, 300 | - | - | * | 24Â hr, only at 100 | - |
24Â hr, 100 & 300 | Â | Â | Â | ||||
TNF-α | *** | 6 hr, 100 & 300 | * | 24 hr, only at 300 | - | - | *** |
24Â hr, 100 & 300 | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
MCP-1 | *** | 6Â h, all doses | - | - | - | - | *** |
24Â h, all doses | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
VEGF | * | 6Â hr, 100 | ** | 24Â hr, 30 & 100 | ** | 24Â hr, 30 & 100 | *** |
24Â hr, all doses | Â | Â | Â | ||||
IL-1α | - | - | *** | 24 hr, 100 & 300 | * | 24 hr, 100 & 300 | - |
G-CSF | - | - | - | - | - | - | *** |
Fractalkine | ** | 24Â hr, 100 & 300 | - | - | - | - | *** |
EGF | - | - | *** | 6Â hr, 300 | *** | 24Â h, all doses | *** |
 | 24 hr, all doses |  | |||||
IFN-γ | - | - | * | 24 hr, 30 & 100 | - | - | - |