Table 1 Characteristics of mother-newborn pairs ( n = 240)
From: Placental DNA hypomethylation in association with particulate air pollution in early life
Characteristics | Mean ± SD or range and number (%) |
|---|---|
Maternal | |
  Age, y | 29.1 (18–42) |
  Pre-gestational BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 4.5 |
  Net weight gain, kg | 14.6 ± 6.4 |
  Maternal education | |
   Low | 30 (12.5%) |
   Middle | 84 (35.0%) |
   High | 126 (52.5%) |
  Smoking |  |
   Never-smoker | 162 (67.6%) |
   Past-smoker | 39 (16.2%) |
   Smoker | 39 (16.2%) |
  Acetaminophen |  |
   No | 136 (56.7%) |
   Yes | 104 (43.3%) |
  Alcohola |  |
   No | 194 (82.5%) |
   Yes | 41 (17.5%) |
  Parity |  |
   1 | 128 (53.3%) |
   2 | 88 (36.7%) |
   ≥ 3 | 24 (10.0%) |
  Apparent temperature, °C |  |
   Trimester 1 | 9.4 ± 6.0 |
   Trimester 2 | 8.3 ± 6.2 |
   Trimester 3 | 8.6 ± 5.9 |
Newborn | Â |
  Newborn’s gender |  |
   Male | 110 (45.8%) |
   Female | 130 (54.2%) |
  Ethnicityb |  |
   European | 206 (86.5%) |
   Non-European | 32 (13.5%) |
  Gestational age, w | 39.2 (35–42) |
  Seasonc |  |
   Fall | 56 (23.3%) |
   Winter | 60 (25.0%) |
   Spring | 51 (21.3%) |
   Summer | 73 (30.4%) |
  Apgar score after 5 min |  |
   7 | 2 (0.8%) |
   8 | 11 (4.6%) |
   9 | 74 (30.8%) |
   10 | 153 (63.8%) |
  Birth weight, g | 3400.8 ± 422.3 |
  Birth length, cm | 50.2 ± 1.9 |
  Placental global DNA methylation, % | 4.6 ± 0.4 |